condoms

How do they work?

Condoms prevent the semen (the fluid containing sperm) from entering the vagina. The male condom is placed on the man's penis when erect (and before any sexual contact). It is rolled up to the base of the penis by holding the tip of the condom to make itan extra space at the end. This creates a space for remainingsemen after ejaculation and decreasing the chance of breakingthe condom.

condoms

What are they?

Condoms are a barrier method of contraception. There are male and female condoms. The male condom is a thin sheath (usually made of latex, a type of rubber) that covers the penis. The female condom is a polyurethane sheath with a flexible ring at each end.One end is closed and placed inside the vagina, the other end isopen and the ring stays outside the vaginal cavity. The male condom, also called "condom" or "prophylactic" is used much more frequently.

Early antiretroviral therapy increases immune response in infants with HIV

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Babies with perinatal infection have HIV should start antiretroviral therapy (ART) before 3 months of age indicate European researchers.Children who participated in the study and received a combination of ARV therapy for at least three drugs in the first three months of life had higher CD4 counts and lower viral load per year of age compared with infants with delayed treatment, reported experts."It is true that the long-term outcome is similar in both groups. But in the beginning of life, no predictors of rapid evolution or not long-term progress. That is why it is better to start treatment all children, "he told Reuters Health, Dr. Tessa Goetghebuer, CHU St. Pierre, Brussels, Belgium."Since the early start of treatment in infants vertically infected with HIV (through mother) is currently recommended in all guidelines, additional efforts to establish the diagnosis of infection as soon as possible after delivery," added the team in Clinical Infectious Diseases.Their study used data from a group of 139 infants with perinatally acquired HIV infection (but not full development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome OSID) that ARV therapy started before one year of life, including 96 who started treatment before three months .The percentages of CD4 and viral load were starting similar between groups. Viral loads and CD4 levels were measured before treatment and at six, 12, 18, 24 and 48 months of children.Compared to the delayed treatment group, the previously treated cohort showed a slower decline in the percentages of CD4, a lower peak viral load and a shorter time to viral suppression during the first year of life, the authors report.At six months, in groups with early or delayed therapy, respectively, the percentages of CD4 were 43 and 34 percent, versus 2.3 viral load 4.6 copies per milliliter and the percentage of suppression 63 viral and 19 percent.By age, there was a trend to lower viral load in previously ARV-treated group, but none of the differences between the virological and immunological groups was statistically significant.The researchers believe that their sample would have been too small to show effects beyond the year."However, it is possible that the functional competence of CD4 cells to be influenced by the early initiation of therapy and maintained an impact on clinical outcome after 12 months of age," he said."The sooner treatment begins, the better virological control," conclude the authors, who added: "This observation is important because the peak viral load would be correlated with the establishment of a reserve of latent infected cells."

HIV Prophylaxis

A prophylaxis, prevention to avoid contracting HIV. We talked about treatments that can be administered only by licensed physicians, who have been exposed to the virus to try to not contract.
It is known by most that the only way to prevent getting an infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which causes AIDS, is to use a condom. It does not help "him out before he ejaculates" not applied "only the tip". It is true that only transmitted by sex between men, but women can wear. Nor that, no longer be considered a fatal disease, it's okay if it contracts. I repeat: only using condoms can avoid becoming victims of the virus.However, there are some cases that are beyond our control prevent infection. For example, after a rape, because the condom broke and the couple has HIV by having oral sex with ejaculation (knowing that in this way can transmit the virus), by sharing needles or, in the case of physicians because cut or punctured with material used in a seropositive patient.For these occasions, I believe it is important to know, there is prophylaxis, ie, a prevention to avoid contracting the virus. In this case we talk about treatments that can be administered only by licensed physicians, who have been exposed to HIV, to try to not contract.This defense was first used in 1996 with occupational exposure to HIV, that is, the medical staff he accidentally came into contact with the virus, usually by a pinprick unexpected, and could get it.Post-exposure therapy reduced the degree of infection of medical staff by 79 percent. Given these results, it has long been applied nonoccupational prophylaxis that is addressed to the general public has been exposed to HIV in high-risk sexual practices.It is very important to understand that this possibility does not replace the use of condoms or emergency is a pill that can be bought at any drugstore and used as if they were pills for bad breath. It is used in exceptional situations.The drugs used are three antiretroviral drugs (such as those taken by people infected with HIV) in two possible combinations.What should be used in each patient is something that has to assess the doctor. These medications should be taken for thirty days without exception, some on an empty stomach and strictly following the instructions related to schedules and feeding. Side effects can be very annoying and frequent, such as nausea, vomiting and fatigue.Post-exposure prophylaxis should be used only in cases of high risk of infection, never in the low risk. So you should not provide anyone who claims to have had unprotected intercourse and not knowing if your partner or bed partner is HIV positive. Nor when performed oral sex without ejaculation, "but if you want to prevent flies." Again, is used in cases of demonstrable risk and need to know for sure if one of the people involved in the sexual relationship is HIV positive, and even what your viral load.The taking of drugs should be started from the first minutes after exposure and up to 72 hours later. After this time, is no longer indicated. If there is exposure to the virus can go to an emergency medical facility or talk to Telsa (52 07 40 77 and from inside the 01 800 7 12 08 86), which will tell if the treatment is recommended and refer the patient to a health center where they have the necessary medicines.Especially if they suffer a violation (here, would provide, although it is not known if the attacker is HIV positive), when a pregnant woman who wants to prevent HIV positive know their child contracted the virus at birth or if a member partner has been diagnosed with HIV and the other (or another) no, but the condom broke, it is necessary to inform the patient of this valuable option.There is no substitute for safe sex with condoms, but always good to know that there are options in an emergency medical help us.
Facebook: Dr. Verótikaveronicamaza.blogspot.com• • •The Mailbox VerótikaWhat is the Koka Shastra? A few weeks ago commented on this in a TV show, but as I changed the channel when the program had begun, did not manage to understand if it was a position or book the Kamasutra type.Julian D.Dear Julian:In this column we have already talked about three books of Hindu literature that relate to sexual matters. The Kamasutra, which is defined as the "thread" (the "thread", I would say to the wisdom of sacred sex), the Kama-Gita, which is the song, the Ananga Ranga, which provides the techniques, and a over not remember writing: the Koka Shastra or "manual".
Written in the twelfth century by the poet and troubadour Kokkoka, is less known than the Kamasutra, but also offers great lessons related to the erotic possibilities that the human being. From it have made various translations and adaptations, be possible to find some more "modern."This book appeared six centuries after the Kamasutra and gives sexuality or, rather, to the erotic experience, a symbolic and religious, based Tantrism, which is based on practical methods, techniques, rituals that allow us to linking the physical and spiritual. In it, the body is the basis, the instrument of all achievement.The message of Tantra is that the greater acceptance of sex, greater freedom from it. Full acceptance and surrender to the natural energies routed to the most sublime experiences.Like I said paragraphs above, the Koka Shastra is known as "manual" because it offers different views and talks about the different types of women and their times of greatest sexual pleasure, also their sexual characteristics depending on the age and qualities.According to this, they can be divided into four classes: the Padmini or Lotus woman, the greatest lover of all: the water of life is perfumed like the lily that has just opened, the woman chitrini or art lover who is excellent but only at night, the woman shankiní or shell, whose divine is always ajar opening beneath a mop of hair abundant, and the Hastini or female elephant, difficult to satisfy, is greedy, shameless and angry with those who do not meetsexually.In the Koka Shastra, mentions that the vagina is the altar, the pubic hair is the lawn of sacrifice with which the fire is lit, the lips are the sacrificial fire. "He who knows this secret world shared the great Creator. But who unknowingly has sex loses its merit with semen and women. " They believe that when spilled even a tiny part of the semen, it loses some of its vitality. Women have their equivalent during sexual arousal, but is reabsorbed.

cherished myths about the cure of AIDS / HIV

Receiving a positive diagnosis in the issue of HIV is often perceived as a death sentence, the world is upon us, the family is embarrassed, friends begin to turn around in your life and your love life gets more complicated to reach a point where it becomes almost zero, only people with highly educated brain and can sustain a relationship with a positive person, other people are not even worth trying, eventually something good out of it, we take away all those people who do not work the way and there are only people who are worth it.It is never a happy news that fills us with pride, either because HIV has a beginning where only gay people or sex workers they had, at the beginning of the disease 31 years ago was known as the gay cancer (which bad gave fame to HIV), the condom will start selling not as a method of preventing HIV or STIs, it is promoted as a contraceptive method (big mistake), we hope that companies start to sell produce it as a method HIV prevention, but until that happens, we will continue falling in the stupid people (when I say people we know who we mean) are giving a bad name invented condoms.It's been 31 years since the discovery of this deadly pandemic, some call it God's punishment, others like illness for the promiscuous or promiscuous, but no one starts to think that the speaker is usually a human being with emotions, family, friends, etc..31 years and yet there is no sign of a cure for this disease, HIV is so changeable that usually go a few steps ahead of modern science. When people acquire HIV infection, they often go on to develop AIDS in all its magnitude unless they follow a strict medication. However, a small number of people exposed to the virus develop AIDS very slowly, and some never develop.In late 1990, it was found that a percentage of those people very high naturally immune to HIV, which constitute about one in every 200 people infected, carry a gene called HLA B57. Now a team of researchers from these institutions has revealed a new effect involved in the ability of this gene to confer immunity.The research team led by Arup Chakraborty and Bruce Walker, has found that HLA B57 gene causes the body to produce T cells (white blood cells that help defend the body from infectious invaders) more powerful.Patients with the gene have a greater number of T cells that adhere more strongly to the protein structures of HIV than people without the gene. This makes it more likely that T cells recognize cells expressing HIV proteins, including mutant versions that appear during infection.This effect contributes to better control HIV infection (and caused by any virus evolves rapidly), but also makes those people more susceptible to autoimmune disease in which T cells attack the body's own cells.I discovered in this study could help researchers develop vaccines that provoke the same response to HIV that seen in individuals who have the HLA B57 gene.Despite these developments of this gene discovered, we must continue with precautions to avoid being a statistic.In Honduras alone know a person who has this gene, or at least has that quality of not being infected with HIV, but to risk not to protect themselves, and I've read cases of people living with HIV positive people and have had accidents, have been broken condom (this improper use of it) but despite the many HIV tests made, diagnosis remain negative. How can this happen? All human beings are different, and affects us all differently HIV, some in a cup minimum remain negative despite little or no protection that have l Having sex without protection.Fact: all the people who live with HIV will die from AIDS or maybe something else, like the people who are negative, they also die when they get play time, but when this happens, we live in day waiting some time and find a cure. (I know this issue is strong but we must face reality and not live a fantasy).Lie: I was never going to happen HIV. If you do not care for people who are negative, when you least expect this is going to play their doors, are best avoided, I do not mean avoiding people living with HIV but with the correct use of condoms.They knew that some people do not even know how HIV is said or it means ... (here I include politicians, doctors, professionals, teachers and people who have not educated). Ironic is not it?
Did you know that there are people who believe they can not be parents because they live with HIV ... If it can be a parent or mother, consult your doctor.You may never find a cure, maybe we get to live with this the rest of our lives, but one thing is certain about this.HIV or AIDS will never stop me, that's the mentality we want to promote among those who are HIV positive, we will work to prevent HIV and get the statistics that are in Honduras, but unfortunately I can not do this alone, it is necessary for each of you dear readers to commit ourselves to eradicate this disease from Honduras, so we must do the following:1. Educating on the rights and duties attaching activa.2 sexually.In schools require parents and students sexual.3 education workshops. Parents, do not be embarrassed to talk to their kids about sexualidad.4. Care for each other on issues of sexualidad.5. Make us an HIV test at least once a year.6.Learning to know the methods of transmission of HIV.7. Aim at life, to be agents of change, be responsive and not part of problema.A times people keep asking why until now I want to help prevent HIV, the answer remains the same, because now I never understood what I consider it better to learn from someone else to have to experience it firsthand.If they ever find a cure, hopefully this is accessible to all people, but in the meantime we will continue this fight against this deadly virus, it is important for people who are positive, stay with antiretroviral therapies to prevent our reaching AIDS stage, maintaining good food, good adhesion and above all, to continue our lives as normally as possible.The remaining question would be:Who is targeted?To learn more about HIV befriend a positive person, your life will improve and yours too.

AIDS seems to be a lethal fashion

Barely 26 days have elapsed management 2012, theDepartmental Health Service (Headquarters) and recorded 18positive cases of HIV / AIDS in Cochabamba, to fear that, in thisrhyme, figures soar by year's end.
Both the amount of analysis performed in the early managementas the amount of positive evidence of transmission of humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been rising in the current financial year, compared with figures of previous years.
"Until today (yesterday) we have 18 new cases. Is a constant dynamic, very negative and unfortunately have to face, to followso sure this is one of the years that give the most HIV cases in all this time, "said program manager HIV / AIDS, Venues, FreddyZambrana.
The head of the program a few weeks ago reported the largest number of tests carried out especially by young people from the city after the debauchery and excessive alcohol consumptionduring the holidays of the year.
"The case series indicates that more men (who tested positive for the test). They are young people who are between 15 and 24years of age, "said the expert, who said that" we also draws attention to the presence of mothers, wives and housewives, which is a behavior that is occurring in a several years and is very dangerous. "

campaigns
Zambrana said they are ready, prevention campaigns that will take forward the next few weeks to keep the numbers of new HIV positive cases off during the Carnival, which is characterized asthe feast of excess.
According to Zambrana, the four major holidays, such as Carnivalor New Year tests are in high demand due to the behavior of young people and high consumption of alcoholic beverages.

Condones

¿Cómo funcionan?

Los condones evitan que el semen (el líquido que contiene el esperma) ingrese a la vagina. El condón masculino se coloca en el pene del hombre cuando está erecto (y antes de todo contacto sexual). Se desenrolla hasta alcanzar la base del pene sosteniendo la punta del condón para que quede un espacio adicional al final. Esto crea un espacio para que quede el semen después de la eyaculación y disminuye las probabilidades de que se rompa el condón

Condonnes

¿Qué son?

Los condones son un método anticonceptivo de barrera. Hay condones masculinos y femeninos. El condón masculino es una funda fina (generalmente hecha de látex, un tipo de caucho) que recubre el pene. El condón femenino es una funda de poliuretano con un anillo flexible en cada extremo. Un extremo es cerrado y se coloca dentro de la vagina; el otro extremo es abierto y el anillo queda fuera de la cavidad vaginal. El condón masculino, también llamado "preservativo" o "profiláctico", se usa con mucha más frecuencia.

virus del sida

Terapia antirretroviral temprana eleva respuesta inmune en bebés con VIH

NUEVA YORK (Reuters Health) - Los bebés con infección perinatal que sufren de VIH deberían comenzar con la terapia antirretroviral (ARV) antes de los 3 meses de edad, indican investigadores europeos.

Los pequeños que participaron del estudio y recibieron una combinación de terapia ARV de por lo menos tres fármacos en los primeros tres meses de vida presentaban mayor recuento de CD4 y menor carga viral al año de edad, comparado con los bebés con tratamiento demorado, informaron los expertos.

"Es verdad que el resultado a largo plazo es similar en ambos grupos. Pero en el comienzo de la vida, no hay vaticinadores de evolución rápida o no-avance a largo plazo. Ese es el motivo por el cual es mejor iniciar el tratamiento en todos los niños", dijo a Reuters Health la doctora Tessa Goetghebuer, de CHU St. Pierre, en Bruselas, Bélgica.

"Dado que el comienzo temprano del tratamiento en los bebés infectados verticalmente con VIH (a través de la madre) actualmente está recomendado en todas las guías, deberían realizarse más esfuerzos para establecer el diagnóstico de la infección lo antes posible luego del parto", agregó el equipo en Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Su estudio usó datos de un grupo de 139 bebés con infección con VIH adquirida perinatalmente (pero sin desarrollo completo del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida osida) que comenzaron con terapia ARV antes del año de vida, incluidos 96 que iniciaron el tratamiento antes de los tres meses.

Los porcentajes de CD4 y carga viral de inicio eran similares entre los grupos. Las cargas virales y niveles de CD4 fueron medidos antes del tratamiento y a los seis, 12, 18, 24 y 48 meses de los niños.

Comparado con el grupo con tratamiento demorado, la cohorte tratada previamente presentó una caída más lenta en los porcentajes de CD4, un menor pico de carga viral y un tiempo menor hasta la supresión viral durante el primer año de vida, informan los autores.

A los seis meses de vida, en los grupos con terapia pronta o demorada, respectivamente, los porcentajes de CD4 eran del 43 y el 34 por ciento, las cargas virales de 2,3 versus 4,6 copias por mililitro y los porcentajes de supresión viral del 63 y el 19 por ciento.

Al año de edad, había una tendencia a una menor carga viral en el grupo tratado con ARV previamente, pero ninguna de las diferencias virológicas e inmunológicas entre ambos grupos era estadísticamente importante.

Los investigadores creen que su muestra habría sido demasiado pequeña como para mostrar efectos más allá del año.

"No obstante, es posible que las competencias funcionales de las células CD4 se vean influenciadas por el inicio temprano de la terapia y mantengan un impacto en el resultado clínico después de los 12 meses de edad", indicaron.

"Cuanto antes comience el tratamiento, mejor será el control virológico", concluyen los autores, que agregaron: "Esta observación es importante porque el pico de carga viral estaría correlacionado con el establecimiento de una reserva latente de células infectadas".